Abstract The angel of the nations comes into being in the context of the Old Testament, as a vicar of God, his envoy and representative, mediating between the human and the transcendent. The role of Israel in relation to other peoples is also gradually clarified in the course of the O

Abstract The God of Israel’s vicarious angel: origin and necessity of a substitutive political function This paper analyzes the origins of the concept of the Angel of the Nation within the Judaic tradition. The main features and functions of the intermediary figure of the divine messe

Abstract The expression «Angels of the nations» does not appear in the Book of Revelation. Nevertheless, on the one hand, the angels operate between God and the nations, and thus all have some kind of relationship with peoples, or at least with individual humans; on the other hand, th