Abstract The God of Israel’s vicarious angel: origin and necessity of a substitutive political function This paper analyzes the origins of the concept of the Angel of the Nation within the Judaic tradition. The main features and functions of the intermediary figure of the divine messe

Abstract The expression «Angels of the nations» does not appear in the Book of Revelation. Nevertheless, on the one hand, the angels operate between God and the nations, and thus all have some kind of relationship with peoples, or at least with individual humans; on the other hand, th

Abstract There is no one consistent translation of the term parrhesia in the Vulgata. This would seem to create an insurmountable obstacle to the reception of the concept, not so much in the Paleochristian world – still close to Hellenistic influences – but rather in the studia and th

Abstract This paper shows that while the Greek parrhesia is above all concerned with the public and political spheres, the one of the Jews integrates and directs both spheres towards a different perspective, in which the religious dimension is strongest. In this new dimension parrhesi